Category Archives: List

Outline of robotics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to robotics: Robotics is a branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behaviour, and or cognition. Many of today’s robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics. The word “robot” was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), published in 1920. The term “robotics” was coined by Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story “Liar!” Nature of robotics Robotics can be described as: An applied science – scientific knowledge transferred into a physical environment.…

Semiconductor materials

Semiconductor materials are nominally small band gap insulators. The defining property of a semiconductor material is that it can be doped with impurities that alter its electronic properties in a controllable way. Because of their application in the computer and photovoltaic industry—in devices such as transistors, lasers, and solar cells—the search for new semiconductor materials and the improvement of existing materials is an important field of study in materials science. Most commonly used semiconductor materials are crystalline inorganic solids. These materials are classified according to the periodic table groups of their constituent atoms. Different semiconductor materials differ in their properties. Thus, in comparison with silicon, compound semiconductors have both advantages and disadvantages. For example, gallium arsenide (GaAs) has six times higher electron mobility than silicon, which allows faster operation; wider band gap, which allows operation of power devices at higher temperatures, and gives lower thermal noise to low power devices…

List of street food

Colourful and diverse, street food is one of those travel experiences one can find in cities and towns all around the world. It’s generally convenient and cheap, but its appeal goes far beyond that. Street food can be simple yet utterly delicious, and it’s often a great way to sample some authentic local cuisine. Joining locals around bustling little street stalls can open doors and lead to memorable encounters. In some countries, whether you’re a typical foodie or not, you may find that your search for great street food turned out to be among the best experiences of your trip. Street food worldwide Africa Eastern Africa Mandazi – fried bread with coconut milk, eaten as a snack Kobo Akondro – a steamed mass of ground peanuts, sugar and flour which is sliced and eaten as a sweet Mofo – bread made of rice flour, many different variants Chipsi Mayai –…

Companies of the Philippines

The Philippines is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia Summit. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank. The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy transitioning from being one based on agriculture to one based more on services and manufacturing. For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see “Business entities in the Philippines”. Largest companies This list shows companies included in the 2017 Forbes Global 2000, which ranks companies based on four measures: sales, profit, assets and market value.The list only includes publicly traded firms. SM Investments Corporation，World Rank 823 Banco de Oro, World Rank 1018…

Companies of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is a country in the South Caucasus region. The country has an economy that has completed its post-Soviet transition into a major oil based economy (with the completion of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline), from one where the state played the major role. The government has largely completed privatization of agricultural lands and small and medium-sized enterprises. In August 2000, the government launched a second-stage privatization program, in which many large state enterprises will be privatized. Since 2001, the economic activity in the country is regulated by the Ministry of Economic Development of Azerbaijan Republic. Notable firms This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct. Name Industry Sector Headquarters Founded Notes Azerbaijan Railways Industrials Railroads Baku 1878 National railways Medeniyyet TV Consumer services Broadcasting & entertainment…

List of house types

This is a list of house types. Houses can be built in a large variety of configurations. A basic division is between free-standing or Single-family houses and various types of attached or multi-user dwellings. Both may vary greatly in scale and amount of accommodation provided. Although there appear to be many different types, many of the variations listed below are purely matters of style rather than spatial arrangement or scale. Some of the terms listed are only used in some parts of the English-speaking world. Detached single-unit housing A-frame: so-called because the steep roofline, reaching to or near the ground, makes the gable ends resemble a large A. Addison house: a type of low-cost house with metal floors and concrete block cavity walls, mostly built in the United Kingdom and in Ireland during 1920 through 1921 to provide housing for soldiers, sailors, and airmen who had returned home from the…

Characteristics of Romanesque churches

Romanesque art is the architecture of Europe which emerged in the late 10th century and evolved into the Gothic style during the 12th century. The Romanesque style in England is more traditionally referred to as Norman architecture. The style can be identified across Europe with certain significant architectural features occurring everywhere. There are other characteristic which differ greatly from region to region. Most of the buildings that are still standing are churches, some of which are very large abbey churches and cathedrals. The majority of these are still in use, some of them having been substantially altered over the centuries. This list presents a comparison of Romanesque churches, abbeys and cathedrals of different countries. The second section describes the architectural features that can be identified within pictures of major architectural elements. Romanesque architecture, regional characteristics Features of Romanesque architecture that is seen in different areas around Europe. Small churches are…

Mesoamerican pyramids

Mesoamerican pyramids or pyramid-shaped structures form a prominent part of ancient Mesoamerican architecture. Although similar in shape or form, these structures bear only a very weak architectural resemblance to Egyptian pyramids. The Mesoamerican examples are usually step pyramids with temples on top – more akin to the ziggurats of Mesopotamia than to the pyramids of Ancient Egypt. The Mesoamerican region’s largest pyramid by volume – the largest in the world by volume – is the Great Pyramid of Cholula, in the Mexican state of Puebla. Some classic Mesoamerican pyramids are littered with stories about the Hero Twins, the feathered serpent Quetzalcoatl, Mesoamerican creation myths, ritualistic sacrifice, etc. written in the form of hieroglyphs on the rises of the steps of the pyramids, on the walls, and on the sculptures contained within. Aztecs The Aztecs, a people with a rich mythology and cultural heritage, dominated central Mexico in the 14th, 15th…

List of brutalist structures

Brutalism is an architectural style that spawned from the modernist architectural movement and which flourished from the 1950s to the 1970s. The following list provides numerous examples of this architectural style worldwide. List of notable brutalist structures 1930s Hilversum Town Hall, Hilversum, The Netherlands (Dudok, 1931) 1950s Unité d’Habitation de Marseille (Cité Radieuse), Marseille, France (Le Corbusier, 1952) Embassy of the United States, Havana, Cuba (1953) Secretariat Building, Chandigarh, India (Le Corbusier, 1953) Smithdon High School (formerly Hunstanton Secondary Modern School), Norfolk, England (Peter and Alison Smithson, 1954) Tel Aviv-Yafo City Hall, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (Menachem Cohen, 1956–1964) Banco de Londres building, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Clorindo Testa, 1959) Torre Velasca, Milan, Italy, (BBPR group 1954) Maisons Jaoul, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France (Le Corbusier, 1954–1956) Crescent House Golden Lane Estate final phase, London, (Chamberlin, Powell and Bon, 1959) Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester, England, (Covell Matthews and Partners from 1959 to 1965) Saint John’s Abbey,…

List of architectural styles

An architectural style is characterized by the features that make a building or other structure notable and historically identifiable. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, building materials, and regional character. Most architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which changes over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new styles possible. Styles therefore emerge from the history of a society and are documented in the subject of architectural history. At any time several styles may be fashionable, and when a style changes it usually does so gradually, as architects learn and adapt to new ideas. Styles often spread to other places, so that the style at its source continues to develop in new ways while other countries follow with their own twist. A style may also spread through colonialism, either by foreign…

Traditional colors of Japan: Blue series

The traditional colors of Japan are a collection of colors traditionally used in Japanese literature, textiles such as kimono, and other Japanese arts and crafts. Blue/Blue Violet series Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet 湊鼠 Minatonezumi Harbor rat 117,125,117 #757D75 青鈍 Aonibi Dull blue 79,73,68 #4F4944 鉄御納戸 Tetsuonando Iron storage 43,55,54 #2B3736 水色 Mizu-iro Aqua Blue color 134,171,165 #86ABA5 錆浅葱 Sabiasagi Rusted light-blue 106,127,122 #6A7F7A 瓶覗 Kamenozoki Inside of a bottle 198,194,182 #C6C2B6 浅葱色 Asagi-iro Light blue color 72,146,155 #48929B 新橋色 Shinbashi-iro New bridge color 0,108,127 #006C7F 錆御納戸 Sabionando Rusty storage 69,88,89 #455859 藍鼠 Ainezumi Mousy indigo 92,84,78 #5C544E 藍色 Ai-iro Indigo color 38,67,72 #264348 御納戸色 Onando-iro Onando color 54,65,65 #364141 花浅葱 Hanaasagi Light blue flower 29,105,124 #1D697C 千草色 Chigusa-iro Thousand herb color 49,117,137 #317589 舛花色 Masuhana-iro Opposite flower color 77,100,108 #4D646C 縹 Hanada Light blue silk 4,79,103 #044F67 熨斗目花色 Noshimehana-iro Iron head flower color…

Traditional colors of Japan: Green series

The traditional colors of Japan are a collection of colors traditionally used in Japanese literature, textiles such as kimono, and other Japanese arts and crafts. Yellow/Green series Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English RGB Hex triplet 鶸色 Hiwa-iro Greenfinch color 189,169,40 #BDA928 青白橡 Aoshirotsurubami Pale oak 187,164,109 #BBA46D 柳茶 Yanagicha Willow tea 156,138,77 #9C8A4D 璃寛茶 Rikancha Rikan brown 83,74,50 #534A32 藍媚茶 Aikobicha Flirtatious indigo tea 71,63,45 #473F2D 苔色 Koke-iro Moss color 139,125,58 #8B7D3A 海松色 Miru-iro Codium fragile seaweed color 82,75,42 #524B2A 千歳茶 Sensaicha Thousand year old brown 59,52,41 #3B3429 梅幸茶 Baikōcha Baiko brown 133,124,85 #857C55 岩井茶 Iwaicha Iwai brown 94,85,69 #5E5545 鶸萌黄 Hiwamoegi Siskin sprout yellow 122,148,46 #7A942E 柳煤竹 Yanagisusutake Sooty willow bamboo 77,75,58 #4D4B3A 裏柳 Urahayanagi Underside of willow leaves 188,181,140 #BCB58C 淡萌黄 Usumoegi Pale young green onion 141,178,85 #8DB255 柳染 Yanagizome Willow dye 140,158,94 #8C9E5E 萌黄 Moegi Fresh onion 91,137,48 #5B8930 青丹 Aoni Blue Black Crayfish…

Traditional colors of Japan: Yellow series

The traditional colors of Japan are a collection of colors traditionally used in Japanese literature, textiles such as kimono, and other Japanese arts and crafts. Yellow/Red series Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet 胡桃染 Kurumizome Walnut-dyed 159,116,98 #9F7462 蒲色 Kaba-iro Cattail color (the plant) 182,73,37 #B64925 黄櫨染 Kōrozen Sumac-dyed 89,43,31 #592B1F 焦茶 Kogecha Scorched brown 53,31,25 #351F19 深支子 Kokikuchinashi Rich gardenia 245,127,79 #F57F4F 洗柿 Araigaki Washed-out persimmon 236,130,84 #EC8254 代赭色 Taisha-iro Red ochre color 159,82,51 #9F5233 赤白橡 Akashirotsurubami Sawtooth oak 236,149,108 #EC956C 礪茶 Tonocha Polished brown 152,85,56 #985538 煎茶色 Sencha-iro Green tea-colored 130,75,53 #824B35 洒落柿 Sharegaki Stylish persimmon 255,162,107 #FFA26B 薄柿 Usugaki Pale persimmon 252,164,116 #FCA474 萱草色 Kanzō-iro Daylily-colored 255,137,54 #FF8936 梅染 Umezome Plum-dyed 250,146,88 #FA9258 紅鬱金 Beniukon Red-bronze (lit. red dye and turmeric) 251,129,54 #FB8136 丁子茶 Chōjicha Clove-brown 143,88,60 #8F583C 憲法染 Kenpōzome Legal dye (from when color use was regulated by…

Traditional colors of Japan: Red series

The traditional colors of Japan are a collection of colors traditionally used in Japanese literature, textiles such as kimono, and other Japanese arts and crafts. Red/Violet series Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet 一斤染 Ikkonzome One kin (0.6 kg) dye 240,143,144 #F08F90 桃色 Momo-iro Peach-colored 244,121,131 #F47983 紅梅色 Kōbai-iro Red plum colored 219,90,107 #DB5A6B 中紅 Nakabeni Medium crimson (dye) 201,55,86 #C93756 桜色 Sakura-iro Cherry blossom color 252,201,185 #FCC9B9 退紅 Arazome Washed-out crimson (dye) 255,179,167 #FFB3A7 薄紅 Usubeni Pale crimson (dye) 242,102,108 #F2666C Red series Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet Name Romanized English translation RGB Hex triplet 鴇羽色 Tokiha-iro Ibis wing color 245,143,132 #F58F84 桜鼠 Sakuranezumi Cherry blossom mouse 172,129,118 #AC8181 長春色 Chōshun-iro Long spring (season) color 185,87,84 #B95754 唐紅/韓紅 Karakurenai Foreign crimson 201,31,55 #C91F37 臙脂色 Enji-iro Cochineal red/rouge 157,41,51 #9D2933 深緋 Kokiake Deep scarlet 123,59,58 #7B3B3A 甚三紅 Jinzamomi Thrice-dyed crimson 247,102,90…

Color in Chinese culture

Color in Chinese culture refers to the certain values that Chinese culture attaches to colors, like which colors are considered auspicious (吉利) or inauspicious (不利). The Chinese word for “color” is yánsè (顏色). In Classical Chinese, the character sè (色) more accurately meant “color in the face”, or “emotion”. It was generally used alone and often implied sexual desire or desirability. During the Tang Dynasty, the word yánsè came to mean all color. A Chinese idiom which is used to describe many colors, Wǔyánliùsè (五颜六色), can also mean colors in general. Theory of the Five Elements In traditional Chinese art and culture, black, red, qing (青) (a conflation of the idea of green and blue), white and yellow are viewed as standard colors. These colors correspond to the five elements of water, fire, wood, metal and earth, taught in traditional Chinese physics. Throughout the Shang, Tang, Zhou and Qin dynasties,…

List of colors: T–Z

Colors are an important part of the visual arts, fashion, interior design, and many other fields and disciplines. The following is a list of colors. A number of the color swatches below are taken from domain-specific naming schemes such as X11 or HTML4. RGB values are given for each swatch because such standards are defined in terms of the sRGB color space. It is not possible to accurately convert many of these swatches to CMYK values because of the differing gamuts of the two spaces, but the color management systems built into operating systems and image editing software attempt such conversions as accurately as possible. The HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space values, also known as HSB (hue, saturation, brightness), and the hex triplets (for HTML web colors) are also given in the following table. Colors that appear on the web-safe color palette—which includes the sixteen named colors—are noted. (Those…

List of colors: N–S

Colors are an important part of the visual arts, fashion, interior design, and many other fields and disciplines. The following is a list of colors. A number of the color swatches below are taken from domain-specific naming schemes such as X11 or HTML4. RGB values are given for each swatch because such standards are defined in terms of the sRGB color space. It is not possible to accurately convert many of these swatches to CMYK values because of the differing gamuts of the two spaces, but the color management systems built into operating systems and image editing software attempt such conversions as accurately as possible. The HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space values, also known as HSB (hue, saturation, brightness), and the hex triplets (for HTML web colors) are also given in the following table. Colors that appear on the web-safe color palette—which includes the sixteen named colors—are noted. (Those…

List of colors: G–M

Colors are an important part of the visual arts, fashion, interior design, and many other fields and disciplines. The following is a list of colors. A number of the color swatches below are taken from domain-specific naming schemes such as X11 or HTML4. RGB values are given for each swatch because such standards are defined in terms of the sRGB color space. It is not possible to accurately convert many of these swatches to CMYK values because of the differing gamuts of the two spaces, but the color management systems built into operating systems and image editing software attempt such conversions as accurately as possible. The HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space values, also known as HSB (hue, saturation, brightness), and the hex triplets (for HTML web colors) are also given in the following table. Colors that appear on the web-safe color palette—which includes the sixteen named colors—are noted. (Those…

List of colors: A–F

Colors are an important part of the visual arts, fashion, interior design, and many other fields and disciplines. The following is a list of colors. A number of the color swatches below are taken from domain-specific naming schemes such as X11 or HTML4. RGB values are given for each swatch because such standards are defined in terms of the sRGB color space. It is not possible to accurately convert many of these swatches to CMYK values because of the differing gamuts of the two spaces, but the color management systems built into operating systems and image editing software attempt such conversions as accurately as possible. The HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space values, also known as HSB (hue, saturation, brightness), and the hex triplets (for HTML web colors) are also given in the following table. Colors that appear on the web-safe color palette—which includes the sixteen named colors—are noted.(Those four…

Web colors

Web colors are colors used in displaying web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. Colors may be specified as an RGB triplet or in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet) or according to their common English names in some cases. A color tool or other graphics software is often used to generate color values. In some uses, hexadecimal color codes are specified with notation using a leading number sign (#). A color is specified according to the intensity of its red, green and blue components, each represented by eight bits. Thus, there are 24 bits used to specify a web color within the sRGB gamut, and 16,777,216 colors that may be so specified. Colors outside the sRGB gamut can be specified in Cascading Style Sheets by making one or more of the red, green and blue components negative or greater than 100%, so the color space is…