Chartaq (Persian: چارطاق‎) chahartaq (چهارطاق), chartaqi (چارطاقی), or chahartaqi (چهارطاقی), literally meaning “four arches”, is an architectural unit consisted of four barrel vaults and a dome.

Chartaq, in architecture, the body with a quadrilateral background and a dome cover consisting of a four-poster and a dome arch on it, is said to be four arched entrances. Foursquare is called Four, Four and Four.

Foursquare is a square map and its main elements are: a grapple on each of the four corners of the map, four arches connecting the four grabs, a dome made with the help of a earrings above the arches, and a The door is located on each of the four sides of the building after the end of the work. The use of chalkagy, in secular architecture, in the creation of structures and structures is often ceremonial, including in the temporary setting of fours as part of the annihilation of celebrations.

The four-dimensional designs have been used for spatial and temporal spatial, religious and secular structures due to its great capabilities in the field of space. These designs have been used in the Islamic era, from Central Asia to Africa, to build mosques and shrines, and by making some changes, including its cornerstone.

History
Chartaqi was a prominent element in Iranian architecture, having various functions and used in both secular and religious contexts for 1,500 years, with the first instance apparently being developed in Gor (Firuzabad), Pars, in 210s AD by Ardashir I. The biggest instance of chahartaq is that of the so-called Palace of Shapur I at Bishapur, also in Pars. Many pre-Islamic chahartaqs have been survived, but they are usually just the sole surviving structure of a much bigger complex. The structure was adopted in Islamic architecture.

Courses
1 Of the Parthian period, the period of formation of the four-legged, there are two important chapters:

a. The four vaults of Zahak castle on top of a rock between Maragheh and Zanjan, which is 12 meters high and has three sides, a large arched crater, and on the other side has a small window, and due to its various decorations, it is probably a secular building and the dominant residence of the castle.

B. Four spacious arches, near the White Robat Village, between Torbat Heydarieh and Neyshabur, made with sand and mortar of gypsum and stone carcasses. The dimensions of each side are about fifteen meters, and on struts, with stone stone blocks, the arches are created.

2 The construction of the four-story building in the Sassanid period continued for all types of buildings and reached its peak, and was used in fourteenth religious buildings in the construction of fireworks and in the main chamber of fire temples, which covered the dome with square fields.

a. A fire temple near Syria in the south of Firoozabad consists of two buildings, the fireplace and the fourteenth, with a periphery corridor covered with a “song vault”

B. Firoozabad Firewall is a stone carvings with a brick dome, comprising a central rectangular area with large deep openings on each side and four on the axis and the adjoining area around it.

C. The fourteenth Niasar near Kashan, belonging to the time of Ardeshir I of Sassanid, is a four-story with a traditional map, the dome of which consists of eight gypsum panels combined with straw in the midst of a plated inner vault and of its kind is unsurpassed.

D The fire temple of Azargushsnab Takht-e-Solomon, in the south of West Azerbaijan, is also one of the best four Sahyan vaults

In Firouzabad (Ghor), Baku, Farashband, Yereh, Natanz, Kazeroon, Atashkhah, Niasar (belonging to the first Sassanid era of Ardeshir), the Navy remains near Saveh, Abdul-Abad Bardaskan and elsewhere. Azargushnsb fire temple on the throne of Solomon is also one of the four examples of the Sassanid period. Most of these four villages were related to fire temples and the location of fire and religious ceremonies, and permanent canopies for fire.

Islamic era
In the Islamic period, a four-tier plan was also used in a number of non-religious buildings, including Koshkans. Some of the four chapels have become mosques or emamzadeh during the Islamic era. Four-dimensional designs have been used for spatial and temporal spatial, religious and secular structures, due to its many spatial capabilities.

In the Islamic period, the four chapters were first used in mosques independently, and then Ivan joined them, and larger mosques were formed with more components, such as the Ardabil mosque. The Muslims used the four-story plan in the building of the mosques to remove the fire and fire from the interior, covering the sides of the Qibla with the walls and the symbol of the qibla, and for the sake of the inner space and lack of attention to the outside, the porches and porches, the corridors, the inner courtyards and the doors And added exterior walls. The main axis was in the direction of the qiblah. The building, which was built on the highlands outside of the city, was built after becoming a mosque in the center of the city. The large dimensions of the mosques led to a change in the four-legged position, and the side cuts were used instead of arches. In this process, Sassanid foursquare was the basis of some of the great mosques in Iran, which are also known as the Kushk Mosque. Unique remnants, whose initial form is somewhat preserved and open on all four sides without altarpieces, is a single quadrangle between Yazd’s yard.

Mosques
The four-story mosque is also equipped with a rectangular hall, like the Mohammadiyya Mosque of Yazd, in the middle of the rectangle, a square hall with circular domes that resembles the four Sassanid vaults such as Naysar Kashan.

This particular structure and map in mosque architecture outside of today’s Iran range included: mosques of other millennia in northeastern Bukhara and Cheshtun in Taremz and Talkhtan Baba in Turkmenistan, and in the mosque of Abbotulun in Egypt, khatalebarodin in Morocco, The Grand Mosque in Turkey, and the Delhi Tahoma Valley Mosque, where the ruins of the central part of it represent the construction of the building based on the four-seater

Tombs
The architecture of the shrines is also largely influenced by the fourtight designs of the Sassanid period, although in these examples the original design has undergone some changes, such as the conversion of large openings to small ports and later to decorative temples. Isma’il Samani’s tomb in Bukhara is one of its prototypes, which has been immeasurable in Central Asia and India, including in the Tomb of Sultan Sanjar in Marv, the Shrine of Husang Shah in Mando in India, and the Tomb of Sultan Bluben in Delhi, the first Examples of Islamic architecture are in India, as well as contemporary examples such as Mazar Qa’id. The shrine of Sheikh Osman Marwandi in India has been gradually completed between the eighth and the tenth centuries. This tomb is a four-story tile whose exterior facade is tiled and its entrance is antique. The tombstone buildings with a four-story pattern, spread through Central Asia, to China. The oldest Islamic tomb in the Canton of China is based on this style. Signs of the use of quadrilateral in the tombs of Fatimid, Morbidon, Ayyoubi and Mamluk are also found in Egypt.

Contemporary architecture
The main plan of the Azadi Tower in Tehran is said to be influences by the architecture of chartaqis.
Monument of Molla Hossein Kashefi, Sabzevar, built in 1974.The post-modern design has incorporated the concepts of chahartaqi and iwans.
Scholars Pavilion (the Scholars Chartagi) in Vienna, a chahartaqi with elements from the architecture of Persepolis
The mosque of international conferences center – Isfahan, is a sample of modern Islamic architecture –

Source From Wikipedia