Contemporary French literature

This article is about French literature from the year 2000 to the present day.

Overview
The economic, political and social crises of contemporary France -terrorism, violence, immigration, unemployment, racism, etc. and (for some) the notion that France has lost its sense of identity and international prestige through the rise of American hegemony, the growth of Europe and of global capitalism (French: mondialisation) have created what some critics (like Nancy Huston) have seen as a new form of detached nihilism, reminiscent of the 50s and 60s (Beckett, Cioran). The best known of these authors is Michel Houellebecq, whose Atomised (French: Les particules élémentaires) was a major international phenomenon. These tendencies have also come under attack. In one of her essays, Nancy Huston criticises Houellebecq for his nihilism; she also makes an acerbic censure of his novels in her work The teachers of despair (French: Professeurs de désespoir).

Although the contemporary social and political context can be felt in recent works, overall, French literature written in past decades has been disengaged from explicit political discussion (unlike the authors of the 1930s–1940s or the generation of 1968) and has focused on the intimate and the anecdotal. It has tended to no longer see itself as a means of criticism or world transformation, with some notable exceptions (such as Michel Houellebecq or Maurice Dantec).

Other contemporary writers during the last decade have consciously used the process of “autofiction” (similar to the notion of “faction”) to renew the novel (Christine Angot for example). “Autofiction” is a term invented by Serge Doubrovsky in 1977. It is a new sort of romanticised autobiography that resembles the writing of the romantics of the nineteenth century. A few other authors may be perceived as vaguely belonging to this group: Alice Ferney, Annie Ernaux, Olivia Rosenthal, Anne Wiazemsky, and Vassilis Alexakis. In a related vein, Catherine Millet’s 2002 memoir The Sexual Life of Catherine M. gained much press for its frank exploration of the author’s sexual experiences.

Contemporary French authors include: Jonathan Littell, David Foenkinos, Jean-Michel Espitallier, Christophe Tarkos, Olivier Cadiot, Chloé Delaume, Patrick Bouvet, Charles Pennequin, Nathalie Quintane, Frédéric-Yves Jeannet, Nina Bouraoui, Hubries le Dieu, Arno Bertina, Edouard Levé, Bruno Guiblet, Christophe Fiat, and Tristan Garcia.

Many of the most lauded works in French over the last decades have been written by individuals from former French colonies or overseas possessions. This Francophone literature includes the novels of Ahmadou Kourouma (Côte d’Ivoire), Tahar ben Jelloun (Morocco), Patrick Chamoiseau (Martinique), Amin Maalouf (Lebanon), Mehdi Belhaj Kacem (Tunisia) and Assia Djebar (Algeria).

France has a number of important literary awards Grand Prix du roman de l’Académie française, Prix Décembre, Prix Femina, Prix Flore, Prix Goncourt, Prix Interallié, Prix Médicis, and Prix Renaudot. In 2011 a new, controversial, award was created called Prix des prix littéraires (“Prize of Literary Prizes”) which picks its winner from among the winners of these prizes.

Commitment / Disengagement
The economic, political and social crises of contemporary France – exclusion, immigration, unemployment, racism, etc. – and the idea of some that the rise of American hegemony and Europe, and globalization, have caused France to lose its sense of identity and its international prestige, has led some critics, like Nancy Huston, considered a new form of detached nihilism, which is not unlike that of the 1950s and 1960s in a Beckett or a Cioran. The best known of these authors is Michel Houellebecq, whose elementary particles(1998) was a major international phenomenon. These trends have also been the target of attacks. In one of his essays, Nancy Huston criticized Houellebecq for his nihilism and engaged in a sharp censorship of his novels, in his own work, Professors of Despair (2004).

Although the contemporary social and political context is reflected in recent works, written French literature of the last decades has generally been disengaged from explicit political discussion (unlike authors from the 1930s to 1940s or the 1968 generation).) to emphasize the intimate and the anecdotal. It has tended not to consider itself as a means of criticism or transformation of the world, with some notable exceptions (like Michel Houellebecq or Maurice G. Dantec). Other contemporary authors (like Christine Angot) have consciously renewed the novel with the process of ” autofiction “, invented by Serge Doubrovskyin 1977. This kind of new fictionalized autobiography is not unlike writing romantic the 19th century. Some other authors may be perceived as vaguely belonging to this group: Alice Ferney, Annie Ernaux, Olivia Rosenthal, Anne Wiazemsky and Vassilis Alexakis. In the same vein, The Sexual Life of Catherine M. by Catherine Millet (2002) has done much ink in the press for his uninhibited exploration of the sexual experiences of its author.

Many of the most acclaimed works in French in recent decades are written by writers from the former French colonies or overseas territories. This French-language literature includes the novels of the Ivorian Ahmadou Kourouma, the Moroccan Tahar ben Jelloun, the Martinican Patrick Chamoiseau, the Lebanese Amin Maalouf, the Tunisian Mehdi Belhaj Kacem and the Algerian Assia Djebar (French Academy). Among the contemporary authors, we also note: Jonathan Littell, David Foenkinos, Jean-Michel Espitallier,Christophe Tarkos, Olivier Cadiot, Chloé Delaume, Patrick Bouvet, Charles Pennequin, Nathalie Quintane, Frédéric-Yves Jeannet, Nina Bouraoui, Bertina Arno, Edouard Levé, Christophe Fiat and Tristan Garcia.

The Nobel Prize for Literature has been awarded to the following French writers: Gao Xingjian in 2001, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio in 2008 and Patrick Modiano in 2014.

Extrême contemporain
The term extrême contemporain is a French expression used to indicate French literary production published in France in the last 10 years. The extrême contemporain is, then, an ever-shifting concept.

This term was used for the first time by French writer Michel Chaillou in 1989. This simple and convenient definition hides a complex and chaotic literary situation, both from the chronological point of view (the temporal boundaries of the extrême contemporain are in continuous shifting) and for the hetereogeneity of present French literary production, which cannot be defined in a clear and homogeneous way. The term extrême contemporain, therefore, is all-inclusive. The literary production of this period is characterized by a transitory quality; because of the manifolded nature of such an immense corpus of texts, the identification of specific tendencies is inevitably partial and precarious.

Therefore, to define the extrême contemporain as a literary movement would be very improper: it is a mere term of convenience used by commentators and not by the authors themselves.

The extrême contemporain can be seen as a “literary constellation” hardly organized in schemes. In some cases, authors of the extrême contemporain follow an “aesthetics of fragments”: their narration is broken into pieces or they show, like Pascal Quignard, for instance, a preference for short sentences. The “apportionment” of knowledge can also be carried out by the use of a chaotic verbal stream, the interior monologue, tropisms, repetition and endophasy. The feeling of uncertainty experience by writers leads him to put in question the notion of novel and its very form, preferring the more general notion of récit. Then, a return to reality takes place: in Pierre Bergounioux’s works, readers witness the cultural upsetting concerning generations which follow one another; François Bon describes the exclusion from social and industrial reality; many authors of crime stories, like Jean-Patrick Manchette and Didier Daeninckx, describe social and political reality, and so it does Maurice G. Dantec in his works halfway between spy stories and science fiction; on another side, Annie Ernaux’s écriture plate (“flat writing”) tries to demolish the distance between reality and its narration.

Subjects are shown in a persistent state of crisis. However, a return to everyday life and trivial habits also takes place: the attention is focused to the “outcasts of literature”, like, for instance, old people. This use of triviality and everyday life expresses itself in a new sort of “minimalism”: from Pierre Michon’s Small lives fictional biographies of unknown people, to Philippe Delerm’s “small pleasures”. The facets of this minimalism manifest themselves in many ways, through the triviality of the subject, through short forms, or through concise and bare phrases. On one hand, heroicized characters try to build up their own individual way against a senseless reality, so that emarginated or marginal people emerge through the building up of their own story; on the other hand, a “negative minimalism” takes place: characters stagnate in social and relational difficulties.

French authors of the extrême contemporain (selection)
Eliette Abécassis
Jean-Pierre Abraham
Olivier Adam
Emmanuel Adely
Hafid Aggoune
Eva Almassy
Marc Alpozzo
Jacques-Pierre Amette
Jean-Pierre Andrevon
Christine Angot
Yann Apperry
Claude Arnaud
Pierre Assouline
Alexis Aubenque
Brigitte Aubert
Antoine Audouard
Yvan Audouard
Pierre Autin-Grenier
Ayerdhal
François Bégaudeau
Frédéric Beigbeder
Pierre Bergounioux
Arno Bertina
Jacques A. Bertrand
François Bon
Michel Chaillou
Christophe Claro
Philippe Claudel
Philippe Delerm
Christine Deroin
Maryline Desbiolles
Michèle Desbordes
Virginie Despentes
Jean Echenoz
Annie Ernaux
Maxence Fermine
Alain Fleischer
Christian Gailly
Sylvie Germain
Michel Houellebecq
Frédéric-Yves Jeannet
Jean-Marie Laclavetine
Camille Laurens
Pierre Michon
Alain Nadaud
Claude Ollier
Christian Oster
Daniel Pennac
Pascal Quignard
Jean Rolin
Olivier Rolin
Tiphaine Samoyault
Colombe Schneck
Tanguy Viel
Antoine Volodine
Cécile Wajsbrot

Source from Wikipedia