The Baro-Bhuyans, were warrior chiefs and landlords (zamindars) in the regions of medieval Assam and Bengal of the Indian subcontinent, who maintained a loosely independent confederacy. These landlords did not belong to any particular ethnicity, religion or caste.

In times of aggression by external powers, they generally cooperated in defending and expelling the aggressor. In times of peace, they maintained their respective sovereignty. In the presence of a strong king, they offered their allegiance. In general, they were in control of a group of villages, called cakala, and the more powerful among them called themselves raja.